Seroprevalence of Rotavirus Antibodies in Human, Bovine, and Ovine Populations in Diyala Province, Iraq: A Comparative ELISA-Based Study

Abstract

Rotavirus A (RVA) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans and Young animals around the world are getting sick. We need to know how many animals and people have rotavirus antibodies to understand how bad the problem is and what we can do to stop it. This study looked at how people, cows and sheep in Diyala Province Iraq have rotavirus A antibodies. We used tests to check for rotavirus A antibodies in blood samples from people, cows and sheep. We took 200 blood samples from three groups: 80 from kids who had stomach problems 60 from baby cows with diarrhea and 60 from baby sheep with diarrhea. We tested all the samples for rotavirus A antibodies. We found that 20 percent of all the samples had rotavirus A antibodies. The kids had the antibodies at 36 percent then the baby cows at 10 percent and the baby sheep at 8 percent. The difference between the groups was very big. The blood samples that had antibodies had higher levels than the ones that did not. We also found that there were differences between the groups. The kids had higher levels than the baby cows and sheep. The baby cows and sheep were similar. We used a test to see how well our tests were working and it showed that they were very good at finding rotavirus A antibodies in people, cows and sheep. Rotavirus A is a problem and we need to keep studying it to learn more, about rotavirus A and how it affects young animals and people. Rotavirus A antibodies are important to understand. We should keep looking at rotavirus A to see how it spreads. In this study we found that a lot of children in Diyala Province have Rotavirus A antibodies, which's about thirty six point two five percent. This shows that Rotavirus A is a problem in this area and it makes a lot of infants and young children very sick with gastroenteritis. This is similar to what happens around the world with kids. On the hand we found that the number of diarrheic calves and lambs with Rotavirus A antibodies is much lower at ten percent and eight point three three percent. This could be because people take care of their animals differently or because the antibodies that mothers pass to their babies wear off at times or maybe the animals just get sick in different ways. We also found that there is a difference in the number of Rotavirus A antibodies between humans and animals which is very significant. This tells us that Rotavirus A spreads differently in humans and animals. We used tests to check for Rotavirus A and they worked very well which means we can trust the results. This is news for people who take care of animals and for doctors who want to know if someone has Rotavirus A. Rotavirus A is a big deal and we need to keep an eye on it. The tests we used for Rotavirus A are very good, at finding out if someone or an animal has been infected with Rotavirus. Rotavirus A is something that a lot of people, cows and sheep in Diyala Province have antibodies for. This is a deal because it affects people and animals in different ways. What is really interesting is that a lot of kids in this area have these antibodies, which means that Rotavirus A is a cause of stomach problems, in children. While cows and sheep do not have many antibodies as people do they are still important to think about because they can carry Rotavirus A. We need to keep watching to see how Rotavirus A is spreading and to understand how it can jump from animals to people. This will help us figure out if the vaccines we use are working and what we can do to stop Rotavirus A from making people sick. Rotavirus A is an issue and we need to keep track of it to keep people and animals healthy.