Synthesis and Surface Modification of Nanomaterials for Tumor Targeting: Gold nanoparticle conjugation, Direct Adsorption of Proteins and Role of Free Thiol on Protein Adsorption to Gold Nanoparticles
Abstract
Nanomaterials' ability to modulate drug release rate and dosage in drug transport makes them useful in tumor-targeted therapy. Before the medicine reaches its intended target, they prevent it from degrading and allow for its regulated release in that setting. This literature review aims to analyse the efficacy of drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles for cancer treatment. Anticancer agents may be better delivered, systemic toxicity reduced, and therapy outcomes improved with the use of nanoparticles. Extensive research has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in both preclinical and clinical trials. To improve clinical translation, however, problems including unstable drug loading capacities, possible side effects, and other obstacles must be overcome. Improving drug loading capacity is a hot topic in the research community. Possible solutions include creating new drug encapsulating techniques or tweaking the surfaces of nanoparticles. The therapeutic effectiveness of these systems can be greatly improved by increasing drug loading. Another obstacle in clinical translation is stability concerns. Scientists are looking for ways to make nanoparticles more stable, like applying protective coatings or tweaking the composition, in order to solve stability problems. To further reduce the likelihood of adverse effects, researchers are taking great care to synthesise nanoparticles from biocompatible materials and are performing extensive toxicity tests prior to beginning clinical trials.
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