Developments in the Analysis of Biological Volatile Organic Compounds: Breast cancer and Cystic Fibrosis Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
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Abstract
The technique of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics is highly suitable for the identification and quantification of small molecular metabolites (with a molecular weight of less than 650 daltons). These metabolites encompass small acids, alcohols, hydroxyl acids, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, sterols, catecholamines, drugs, and toxins. In order to make these compounds volatile enough for gas chromatography, chemical derivatization is frequently employed. The purpose of this unit is to demonstrate that GC-MS-based metabolomics makes it possible to simply integrate targeted tests for absolute quantification of certain metabolites with untargeted metabolomics in order to find novel substances. GC-MS is able to detect and semi-quantify approximately 200 substances per study in human body fluids (such as plasma, urine, or stool) samples. This capability is complemented by database annotations that make use of huge spectral libraries and validated, standardised standard operating procedures. Similar to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) untargeted profiling, deconvolution software enables the detection of more than 300 extra unidentified signals. These signals can be annotated by using precise mass instruments and proper data processing methods. Because of this, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a well-established technique that not only makes use of traditional detectors (quadrupole), but also target mass spectrometers (triple quadrupole) and accurate mass instruments (quadrupole-time of flight).
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