Innovative Journal Innovative Journal http://www.innovativejournal.in/index.php/ Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion 2589-8779 2589-8760 https://doi.org/10.15520/jcmro.v4i07.437 Research Article Pap smear study to know the prevalence of LSIL or ASCUS in North Karnataka - original study Pap smear study to know the prevalence of LSIL or ASCUS in North Karnataka - original study Gundalli Dr Shivanand 1 Kolekar Dr Rutuja 2 Halli Dr Shakunta 3 Horti Vijayalaxmi 4 Horti Pushpalata 5 Adhlakha Dr Bhuvan 6 Specialist Department Of Pathology District Hospital Bijapur Specialist Department Of Gyneacology District Hospital Bijapur Specialist Department Of Gyneacology District Hospital Bijapurdr Laxmi Horti 3rd Year General Medicine PG, Al Ameen Medical College 2nd Year General Surgery PG, Al Ameen Medical College Bijapur Assistant Professor Pathology Noida International Institute Of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, UP 04 07 981 The Authors. Published by Publisher. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 2021 Abstract

Introduction : According to the World Cancer statistics, >80% of all the cervical cancer cases are found in developing and low-resource countries, because of a lack of awareness and difficulty in running cytology-based screening programs.

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the use of the Pap smear screening method for detection of precancerous lesions.

Methods: All women who visited the outpatient gynecology clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over 2 year for different clinical problems were recruited for the study. A total of 1650 women who were sexually active and over 21 years of age were enrolled in the study. A clinical examination, an examination per speculum, and a vaginal examination were performed and a history taken for all women. A Pap smear was used for all women to screen for cervical cancer. The smear was obtained using an Ayre spatula and spread over a marked glass slide, whic…

CONCLUSION Pap smear tests are inexpensive and affordable by the patients. This Procedure doesn’t need experts and specialists for collection of smear. Early detection of possibility of malignancy helps in prompt treatment at early stage and prolongation of life expectancy of many women and reduce the mortality and morbidity of cancer cervix. Till today Pap smear test is the most useful screening procedure for cervical cancer.

Keywords Cervical malignancy HPV DNA testing Pap smear. Introduction

According to the World Cancer statistics, >80% of all the cervical cancer cases are found in developing and low-resource countries, because of a lack of awareness and difficulty in running cytology-based screening programs.1

More than one-fifth of all cervical cancer deaths occur in India.2 Every year, 122,844 women in India are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and 67,477 women die from the disease.3

Due to widespread screening programs, there has been a significant reduction in mortality from cervical cancer in developed countries.

The overall sensitivity of the Pap test in detecting a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is 70.80%.4

<bold id="s-ba73ab601dae">Materials and methods :</bold>

Pap smear study on cervical cancer original study prevalence of LSIL or ASCUS in North Karnataka as cervical cancer is the most common cancer in India.5, 6, 7 it helps in the reduction of invasive cervical cancers we have conducted Pap smear camps under National screening programme in district hospital Maternity wing from 2019 to 2021. careful division of Pap smear findings according to Bethesda system of classification we have received eight cases of NILM 8 inflammatory 15 ASCUS 9 , LSIL 2 , HSIL 01 non satisfactory 02. method MCH laboratory district hospital Bijapur is conducted a study of cervical smear from 2020 to 2021 we have got the following findings.9, 10

<bold id="s-9519b7ef3316">Discussion </bold>

Women with different complaints, including vaginal discharge, blood-mixed discharge, foul-smelling discharge, postcoital bleeding, intermenstrual bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding, abdominal pain, infertility, and secondary amenorrhea, were included in this study. Those not willing to participate in the study had a frank growth, had been treated for cervical cancer, or were pregnant were excluded from the study. A detailed history was taken using a predetermined pro forma that included the chief complaint and the findings of per speculum and vaginal examinations.

Written informed consent was obtained from all women. Patients were placed in the lithotomy position, and a sterile bivalve speculum was inserted into the vagina. The posterior vaginal wall was retracted posteriorly and the anterior vaginal wall anteriorly to allow proper visualization of the cervix and vaginal wall.

A sample was taken from the ectocervix by rotating a wooden Ayre spatula 360°. The sample was quickly smeared onto a labeled glass slide and fixed with 95% ethyl alcohol in a jar. The glass slides were sent to the Department of Pathology for cytopathological examination. Laboratory results were reported according to the new Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology 2014.

Written informed consent was obtained from all women. Patients were placed in the lithotomy position, and a sterile bivalve speculum was inserted into the vagina. The posterior vaginal wall was retracted posteriorly and the anterior vaginal wall anteriorly to allow proper visualization of the cervix and vaginal wall.

 <bold id="s-910fd8490200">CONCLUSION</bold>

Pap smear tests are inexpensive and affordable by the patients. This Procedure doesn’t need experts and specialists for collection of smear. Early detection of possibility of malignancy helps in prompt treatment at early stage and prolongation of life expectancy of many women and reduce the mortality and morbidity of cancer cervix. Till today Pap smear test is the most useful screening procedure for cervical cancer. hundred cases of final expiration study from 2 year 2019 to 2021 material .

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